BHU funds misappropriation

In one of the first instances of corruption in educational institutions, Benaras Hindu University officials were accused of misappropriation of funds worth Rs 50 lakh.
             
Banaras Hindu University (Hindi: काशी हिन्दू विश्वविद्यालय) (commonly referred to as BHU) is a public central university located in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. Established in 1916 by Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya, BHU is one of the largest residential universities in Asia, with over 20,000 students.
The university's main campus spread over 1,300 acres (5.3 km2) was built on land donated by the Kashi Naresh, the hereditary ruler of Banaras. The Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, spread over 2,700 acres (11 km2), hosts the Krishi Vigyan Kendra (Agriculture Science Centre) and is located in Barkachha in Mirzapur district, about 60 km (37 mi) from Banaras.
BHU is organised into 4 institutes and 14 faculties (streams) and more than 140 departments. Total student enrolment at the university exceeds 20,000, and includes students from over 34 nations. It has over 60 hostels for resident students. Several of its colleges, including engineering (IIT-BHU), science, linguistics, journalism & mass communication, performing arts, law, agriculture (IAS-BHU), medicine (IMS-BHU) and Institute of Environment And Sustainable Development(IESD-BHU), are ranked among the best in India. The university is well known for hosting an IIT. The university's engineering institute was designated an IIT in June 2012. Banaras Hindu University is among the few finest institutions of higher learning in India.

Cycle Import Corruption Scam

Cycles imports scam took place in 1951.
SA Venkataraman who was the industrial minister was bribed and he gave the permission to a foreign country for the sale of their company cycles.
In the year 1951 the then Secretary, Ministry of Commerce and Industry,  S.A. Venkataraman, was jailed for accepting a bribe in lieu of granting a cycle import quota to a company. However, things were quite different in the case of Sirajuddin’s diary. After six years of cycle scam in the year 1956, it was found  that few leaders of Orissa  were giving commission to businessmen. A big businessman of North India, Muhammad Sirajuddin was found guilty. He was owner of many mines and a diary was found with him that  proved that he had relations with many known politicians. But no action was taken in this regard. Consequently, the  news got published after some time. Later the then Minister of Mines and Fuel Keshav Dev Malviya agreed that  he took Rs. 10,000 from a mining owner of Orissa commission. Later, Malviya had to resign under pressure from Nehru.

The Mundhra scandal



Haridas Mundhra  was aCalcutta-based industrialist and stock speculator who was found guilty and imprisoned in the first big financial scandal of free India in the 1950s. TheMundhra scandal exposed the rifts between the thenPrime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and his son-in-lawFeroze Gandhi, and also led to the resignation of India's then finance minister T. T. Krishnamachari.
Life

Born into a trading family, Mundhra started life as a light-bulb salesman, and pyramided his holdings by "fast deals and stock juggling"  into a Rs. 4 crore (USD 10 million) empire. However, by the mid-50s, his business empire was unravelling, and he came to be known for his somewhat questionable ethics. In 1956, he was indicted by the Bombay Stock Exchange for selling forged shares.

In 1957, Mundhra got the government-owned Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) to invest Rs. 1.24 crores (about USD 3.2 million at the time) in the shares of six troubled companies belonging to Mundhra: Richardson Cruddas, Jessops & Company, Smith Stanistreet, Osler Lamps, Agnelo Brothers and British India Corporation. The investment was done under governmental pressure and bypassed the LIC’s investment committee, which was informed of this decision only after the deal had gone through. In the event, LIC lost most of the money.

 The Mundhra Scandal


The irregularity was highlighted in 1958 by Feroze Gandhi of the Indian National Congress party, who represented the Rae Bareli seat in the Parliament of India. Jawaharlal Nehru was Prime Minister at the time, and Feroze was married to his daughter Indira Gandhi. Nehru, as the leader of the ruling Congress party, wished to have the LIC matter handled quietly since it might show the government in a poor light.

However, Feroze Gandhi was the primary force behind an anti-corruption movement that in 1956 resulted in imprisonment of one of India's wealthiest men, Ram Kishan Dalmia, for defrauding his life insurance company. Subsequently, the parliament had passed the Life Insurance of India Act on June 19, 1956, under which 245 firms were nationalized and consolidated under the Life Insurance Corporation. Hence, he looked upon the LIC as a "child of Parliament". He would have no softpedalling on the matter, and took the case directly to parliament:

    "Parliament must exercise vigilance and control over the biggest and most powerful financial institution it has created, the Life Insurance Corporation of India, whose misapplication of public funds we shall scrutinise today." Feroze Gandhi, Speech in Parliament, 1957-12-16.

However, the matter was dramatized further in the public mind by the tense relations between Feroze and his father-in-law.

Feroze Gandhi vs. Nehru 

Feroze Gandhi had married Indira over initial objections of Jawaharlal, but Indira had gotten him to agree to the marriage, and relations between the men were cordial. Indira often helped her father in his duties, acting as official hostess, and helping run the huge residence. In 1949, Indira and their two sons Rajiv Gandhi and Sanjay Gandhi moved to Delhi to live with Jawaharlal, while Feroze continued alone in Lucknow. In 1952, after Feroze Gandhi was elected to Parliament (his campaign was managed by Indira), he also moved to Delhi, where he was assigned an MP quarters, but "Indira continued to stay with her father, thus putting the final seal on the separation".

This rift was well known and it lent drama to the already sensational matter when Feroze Gandhi raised the Mundhra question on the floor of the parliament. Standing from the treasury benches, he asked the government whether the newly formed Life Insurance Corporation had used premiums from 5.5 million life-insurance policyholders to buy up shares at above-market prices in the companies controlled by a notorious stock speculator named Haridas Mundhra.

Thus the prime minister was confronted by his own son-in-law. The fierce Finance minister, himself a noted industrialist, initially snapped "That is not the fact," but had to admit later that this in fact was the case.

Commission of Enquiry: M.C. Chagla

Given the public spotlight, the government was forced to appoint a committee to examine the matter. The retired Bombay High Court Justice M. C. Chagla was appointed as a one-man committee. Chagla held that a transparent and public enquiry was a "very important safeguard for ensuring that the decision will be fair and impartial. The public is entitled to know on what evidence the decision is based.".Consequently, large crowds would attend the hearings which were concluded in just 24 days. Several leading stockbrokers who were on the LIC Investment Committee testified that the investment could not have been made for the purpose of propping up the market, as was claimed by the Finance Ministry, and that had the LIC consulted the Investment Committee, they would have pointed out Mundhra's forged shares episode from 1956. Among those who gave evidence was HT Parekh, then the Deputy General Manager of Industrial Credit & Investment Corporation of India who was also a member of LIC's Investment Committee. HT Parekh's Note to the Investment Committee and his testimony is available in a two volume collection of his writings.

Justice Chagla determined that the Finance Secretary, Haribhai M. Patel, along with two LIC officials, L S Vaidyanathan, may have colluded on the payment, and should be investigated.Subsequent inquiry committee headed by Retired Justice Vivian Bose cleared the names of two civil servants but passed strictures against finance minister for "lying". The Finance Minister T. T. Krishnamachari, in his testimony tried to distance himself from the LIC decision, implying that it may have been taken by the Finance Secretary, but Justice Chagla held that the Minister is constitutionally responsible for the action taken by his secretary and he disown his actions. Eventually, Krishanamachari had to resign. The Nehru government suffered considerable loss of prestige in the incident.

Haridas Mundhra was arrested from his luxury suite at the Claridge's Hotel in Delhi, and sent to prison.

It turned out that Mundhra’s manipulations were not restricted to LIC. The income tax department had curiously withdrawn certain notices pending against him having entered into "some understanding" about the payment of arrears.

In recent times, Mundhra is often noted as the forerunner of other financial scamsters of modern India, including Harshad Mehta and Abdul Karim Telgi, who also operated with considerable political connivance. However, unlike in the Mundhra case, the government response in appointing an honest and competent judge, and also the judicial investigation (24 days of public hearings) has been far from transparent. This lack of transparency has also been commented upon in the public investigation of the Bofors Scandal, one of India's largest scandals, which involved Feroze Gandhi's son Rajiv Gandhi, the Prime Minister at the time.

Jeep Scandal Corruption case

The jeep scandal in 1948 was first major corruption Scandal. V.K. Krishna Menon, the then Indian high commissioner to Britain, ignored protocols and signed a Rs 80 lakh contract for the purchase of army jeeps with a foreign firm.

Corruption allegations

V. K. Krishna Menon, then the Indian high commissioner to Britain, bypassed protocol to sign a deal worth Rs 80 lakh with a foreign firm for the purchase of 4603 army jeeps. While most of the money was paid upfront, just 155 jeeps landed,the then Prime Minister Nehru forced the government to accept them. Govind Ballabh Pant the then Home Minister and the then Government of Indian National Congress announced on 30 September 1955 that the Jeep scandal case was closed for judicial inquiry ignoring suggestion by the Inquiry Committee led by Ananthsayanam Ayyangar. He declared that "as far as Government was concerned it has made up its mind to close the matter. If the opposition was not satisfied they can make it an election issue". Soon after on 3 February 1956 Krishna Menon was inducted into the Nehru cabinet as minister without portfolio. Later Krishna Menon became Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru's trusted ally and the defence minister.

List Of Corruption Scandals In India In 1940's

List Of Corruption Scandals In India In 1950's

List Of Corruption Scandals In India In 1960's

List Of Corruption Scandals In India In 1970's

List Of Corruption Scandals In India In 1980's

List Of Corruption Scandals In India In 1990's

1997

  • Jalgaon housing scam
  • Cobbler scam
  • Sheregar Scam
  • Kerala ice cream parlour sex scandal

1996

  • Sukh Ram telecom equipment scandal-Sukh Ramconvicted for 3 years.
  • C R Bhansali scam – INR11 billion(US$180 million)
  • Fertiliser import scam – INR1.33 billion(US$22 million)

1995

  • Meghalya forest scam – INR3 billion(US$50 million)
  • Preferential allotment scam – INR50 billion(US$840 million)
  • Yugoslav Dinar Scam – INR4 billion(US$67 million)
  • Purulia arms drop case

1994

  • Sugar import scam

1992

  • Harshad Mehta securities scam – INR50 billion(US$840 million)
  • Palmolein Oil Import Scam, Kerala
  • Indian Bank scandal – INR13 billion(US$220 million)

1990

  • Airbus scandal

List Of Corruption Scandals In India In 2000's

2009

  • Goa Special Economic Zone (SEZ) scam
  • Rice export scam – INR25 billion (US$420 million)
  • Orissa mining scam – INR70 billion(US$1.2 billion)
  • Orissa paddy scam
  • Sukhna land scam – Darjeeling
  • Vasundhara Raje land scam
  • Austral Coke scam – INR10 billion(US$170 million)
  • Gujarat's VDSGCU Sugarcane scam – INR187 million(US$3.1 million)

2008

  • Hasan Ali black money controversy
  • State Bank of Saurashtra scam – INR950 million(US$16 million)
  • Army ration pilferage scam – INR50 billion(US$840 million)
  • Jharkhand medical equipment scam – INR1.3 billion(US$22 million)
  • Haryana Teachers' recruitment scam- Ex Haryana CM Om Prakash Chautala and his son Ajay Singh Chautala have in convicted for 10 years in teacher recruitment scam
  • Paazee Forex scam – INR8 billion(US$130 million)
  • Cash-at-judge's door scam

2006

  • Penny stock scam
  • Punjab city centre project scam – INR15 billion(US$250 million)
  • Uttar Pradesh ayurveda scam – INR260 million(US$4.3 million)

2005

  • Taj Co-operative Group Housing Scheme scam – INR40 billion (US$670 million)
  • IPO scam
  • Bihar flood relief scam – INR170 million(US$2.8 million)

2004

Gegong Apang PDS scam - 10 billion (US$180 million)

2003

  • HUDCO scam

2002

  • Stamp paper scam – INR200 billion(US$3.3 billion)
  • Provident Fund (PF) scam

2001

  • Ketan Parekh securities scam
  • Calcutta Stock Exchange scam

2000

  • India-South Africa match fixing scandal
  • UTI scam – INR320 million (US$5.3 million)

List Of Corruption Scandals In India In 2010s

2014

  • Indian Railways-Railtel Corporation of India mobile scam
  • Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and Rolls-Roycedefense scam-10,000 crores
  • Air India Family Fare Scheme scam
  • Bokaro Steel Plant recruitment scam
  • Gujarat arbitrary land allotments scandal
  • Kribhco and fertilizer giantYara Internationalfertilizer fraud controversy.
  • Delhi Jal Board scam-10,000 crores
  • Indian Railways "emergency quota" tickets scam

2013

  • Virbhadra Singh bribery controversy-2.4 crores
  • Madhya Pradesh Pre medical test scam
  • Babu Jagjivan Ram National Foundation (BJRNF) squatting on Luyten's bunglow controversy
  • Karnataka MLAs fake 'Study Tour' controversy-Karnataka MLA's going on a picnic, sightseeing and holidaying in three Latin America countries in the pretext of 'study tour', enjoying on the state's taxpayer money.
  • Madhya Pradesh wheat procurement scam- 4 crores-Payments worth 4 crores have been made for fake wheat procurement from farmers.
  • Tripura 'Bed of Cash' controversy
  • Gurgaon Toll plaza scam-operated by DSC Ltd.
  • EPFO(Employee Provident Fund)scam
  • Haryana seed scam-5 crore
  • Directorate General of Civil Aviation-DGCA 'free ticket' scam
  • LTC(Leave Travel Concession) Scam
  • PMO(Prime Minister's Office]Code of Conduct violation- All Union Cabinet Minister's assts/liablites are supposed to uploaded on PMO's website by 31 August each year. But 35 out of 77 Union cabinet minister have not disclosed their wealth.
  • Radia tapes controversy
  • NSEL Scam-5500 crores
  • Railway iron ore freight scam-17000 crores
  • 'Rajya Sabha seat for 100 crore' controversy
  • Munde's poll expenditure controversy
  • Uttar Pradesh illegal sand mining
  • Vodafone tax Scandal - involves Rs 11,000-crore tax dispute case in India. There were corruption charges on Kapil Sibal because of Law ministry's U-turn to agree to conciliation in Vodafone tax case
  • Railway promotion scam - CBI booked Union railway minister Pawan Kumar Bansal's nephew for allegedly accepting a bribe of Rs 90 lakh from a Railway Board member.
  • 2013 Indian Premier League spot-fixing and betting case
  • 2013 Kerala solar panel scam
  • Odisha Land allotment Scam
  • Odisha Mining scandal
  • Saradha Group financial scandal-Chit fund scam (Odisha and W.B)
  • 2013 Indian helicopter bribery scandal

2012

  • Granite scam in Tamil Nadu – Loss of about INR160 billion (US$2.7 billion). At present the matter is under the scanner of investigating / intelligence agencies of India.
  • Maharashtra Irrigation Scam – Loss of about INR720 billion (US$12 billion). At present the matter is under the scanner of investigating / intelligence agencies of India.
  • Kinetic Finance Limited Scam – Banks lost about INR2 billion (US$33 million). At present the matter is under the scanner of investigating / intelligence agencies of India.
  • Ultra Mega Power Projects Scam – Central government lost INR290.33 billion (US$4.8 billion) due to undue favours to Anil Ambani-led Reliance Power.
  • Andhra Pradesh land scam – INR1000 billion(US$17 billion)
  • Forex derivates scam – INR320 billion(US$5.3 billion)
  • Service tax and Central Excise Duty fraud – INR191.59 billion (US$3.2 billion) crore)
  • Maharashtra stamp duty scam – INR6.4 billion(US$110 million)
  • Maharashtra land scam
  • MHADA repair scam – INR1 billion(US$17 million)
  • Ministry of External Affairs gift scam
  • Himachal Pradesh pulse scam
  • Flying Club fraud – INR1.9 billion (US$32 million)
  • Andhra Pradesh liquor scam
  • Jammu and Kashmir Cricket Association scam – Approximately INR500 million (US$8.4 million)
  • Jammu and Kashmir PHE scam
  • Jammu and Kashmir recruitment scam
  • Jammu and Kashmir examgate
  • Jammu and Kashmir dental scam
  • Punjab paddy scam – INR180 million(US$3.0 million)
  • NHPC cement 
  • Haryana forest scam.
  • Girivan (Pune) land scam (not to be confused with Pune land scam which came to light during 2011)
  • Toilet scam
  • Uttar Pradesh stamp duty scam – INR1200 crore(US$200 million)
  • Uttar Pradesh horticulture scam – INR700 million(US$12 million)
  • Uttar Pradesh palm tree plantation scam – INR550 million (US$9.2 million)
  • Uttar Pradesh seed scam – INR500 million(US$8.4 million)
  • Uttar Pradesh elephant Memorial scam-1400 crores 
  • Uttar Pradesh LACCFED scam
  • Patiala land scam – INR2.5 billion(US$42 million)
  • Tax refund scam – INR30 million(US$500,000)
  • Bengaluru Mayor's fund scam
  • Ranchi real estate scam
  • Delhi surgical gloves procurement scam
  • Aadhar scam
  • BEML housing society scam
  • MSTC gold export scam – INR4.64 billion(US$77 million)
  • TIN scam
  • Haryana Forest Development Corporation Cash Scam
  • Nayagaon (Punjab) land scam

2011

  • Maharastra Adarsh Housing Society scam
  • Bellary mining scam
  • Tatra scam – INR7.5 billion (US$130 million)
  • LIC housing loan scam
  • NTRO scam – INR8 billion(US$130 million)
  • Goa mining scam
  • Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike scam – INR32.07 billion (US$540 million)
  • Himachal Pradesh HIMUDA housing scam
  • Pune housing scam
  • Pune land scam
  • Orissa pulse scam – INR7 billion(US$120 million)
  • Kerala investment scam – INR10 billion(US$170 million)
  • Mumbai Sales Tax fraud – INR10 billion(US$170 million)
  • Maharashtra education scam – INR10 billion(US$170 million)
  • Maharashtra PDS scam
  • Uttar Pradesh TET scam
  • Uttar Pradesh MGNREGA scam
  • Orissa MGNREGA scam
  • Indian Air Force land scam
  • Bihar Solar lamp scam – INR400 million(US$6.7 million)
  • BL Kashyap – EPFO scam – INR1.69 billion(US$28 million)
  • Assam Education scam
  • Stamp Paper scam (not to be confused with Abdul Karim Telgi's Stamp Paper scam) – INR23.4 million(US$390,000)
  • Pune ULC scam

2010

  • Andhra Pradesh Emmar scam – INR25 billion(US$420 million)
  • Madhya Pradesh MGNREGA scam – INR90 million(US$1.5 million)
  • Jharkhand MGNREGA scam
  • Indian Premier League scandal
  • Karnataka land scam
  • Karnataka housing board scam
  • Uttrakhand Citurgia land scam
  • MCI bribery scandal
  • Chandigarh booth scam
  • Odisha illegal Mining Scam (Investigated by Shah Commission)- Rs 59,203 crore (2014)